Python's operators are used to manipulate values in a program.
How to Use
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are operators used for numerical operations, and there are six of them:
- Addition operator (+): Adds two numbers together.
- Subtraction operator (-): Subtracts the right operand from the left operand.
- Multiplication operator (*): Multiplies two numbers together.
- Division operator (/): Divides the left operand by the right operand.
- Floor division operator (//): Divides the left operand by the right operand and returns the integer part of the result.
- Modulo operator (%): Divides the left operand by the right operand and returns the remainder.
Here are some examples of how to use arithmetic operators:
x = 10
y = 3
print(x + y) # 13
print(x - y) # 7
print(x * y) # 30
print(x / y) # 3.3333333333333335
print(x // y) # 3
print(x % y) # 1Additionally, there is also an exponentiation operator (**), which returns the result of raising the left operand to the power of the right operand.
x = 2
y = 3
print(x ** y) # 8Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are used to compare two values, and there are six operators:
- Equal to (==): Returns True if the left side is equal to the right side.
- Not equal to (!=): Returns True if the left side is not equal to the right side.
- Greater than (>): Returns True if the left side is greater than the right side.
- Greater than or equal to (>=): Returns True if the left side is greater than or equal to the right side.
- Less than (<): Returns True if the left side is less than the right side.
- Less than or equal to (<=): Returns True if the left side is less than or equal to the right side.
Here is an example of using comparison operators:
x = 5
y = 3
print(x == y) # False
print(x != y) # True
print(x > y) # True
print(x >= y) # True
print(x < y) # False
print(x <= y) # FalseComparison operators are commonly used for evaluating conditions or controlling the loop of a program. For example, they can be used in the condition of an if statement:
if x > y:
print("x is greater than y")
else:
print("x is less than or equal to y")Logical operators
Logical operators are used to combine multiple logical expressions and return a boolean value. Python has three logical operators:
- and (logical and): Returns True if both expressions are True.
- or (logical or): Returns True if at least one expression is True.
- not (logical not): Inverts the result of the expression. True becomes False, and False becomes True.
Here are some examples of using logical operators:
x = 5
y = 3
z = 7
print(x < y and x < z) # False
print(x < y or x < z) # True
print(not x < y) # TrueLogical operators are often used in control structures such as conditional statements and loops. For example, here is how to use the and operator in an if statement:
x = 5
y = 3
z = 7
if x < y and x < z:
print("x is the smallest")
elif y < z:
print("y is the smallest")
else:
print("z is the smallest")In this code, the and operator is used to determine if x is the smallest, or if either y or z is the smallest.
Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values on the right side to variables on the left side; Python has several assignment operators
- =: assigns a value.
- +=: assigns the value of the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side by adding it to the variable on the right-hand side.
- -=: subtracts the value of the right-hand side from the left-hand side variable and assigns it to it.
- *=: Assigns the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side by multiplying it.
- /=: Substitutes the value on the right-hand side by dividing it by the variable on the left-hand side.
- //=: Substitutes the value on the right-hand side for the value on the left-hand side divided by an integer.
- %=: Substitutes the value on the right-hand side for the value on the left-hand side using the remainder operation.
- **=: Assigns the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side by exponentiation.
The following are examples of assignment operator usage.
x = 5
x += 2
print(x)
y = 10
y //= 3
print(y)Assignment operators can improve code brevity and reduce the number of types. Some assignment operators can also optimize the computation process and improve performance.
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