Operators(Python)

Japanese version.

Python's operators are used to manipulate values in a program.

How to Use

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are operators used for numerical operations, and there are six of them:

  • Addition operator (+): Adds two numbers together.
  • Subtraction operator (-): Subtracts the right operand from the left operand.
  • Multiplication operator (*): Multiplies two numbers together.
  • Division operator (/): Divides the left operand by the right operand.
  • Floor division operator (//): Divides the left operand by the right operand and returns the integer part of the result.
  • Modulo operator (%): Divides the left operand by the right operand and returns the remainder.

Here are some examples of how to use arithmetic operators:

x = 10
y = 3

print(x + y)  # 13
print(x - y)  # 7
print(x * y)  # 30
print(x / y)  # 3.3333333333333335
print(x // y) # 3
print(x % y)  # 1

Additionally, there is also an exponentiation operator (**), which returns the result of raising the left operand to the power of the right operand.

x = 2
y = 3

print(x ** y)  # 8

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values, and there are six operators:

  • Equal to (==): Returns True if the left side is equal to the right side.
  • Not equal to (!=): Returns True if the left side is not equal to the right side.
  • Greater than (>): Returns True if the left side is greater than the right side.
  • Greater than or equal to (>=): Returns True if the left side is greater than or equal to the right side.
  • Less than (<): Returns True if the left side is less than the right side.
  • Less than or equal to (<=): Returns True if the left side is less than or equal to the right side.

Here is an example of using comparison operators:

x = 5
y = 3

print(x == y)  # False
print(x != y)  # True
print(x > y)   # True
print(x >= y)  # True
print(x < y)   # False
print(x <= y)  # False

Comparison operators are commonly used for evaluating conditions or controlling the loop of a program. For example, they can be used in the condition of an if statement:

if x > y:
    print("x is greater than y")
else:
    print("x is less than or equal to y")

Logical operators

Logical operators are used to combine multiple logical expressions and return a boolean value. Python has three logical operators:

  • and (logical and): Returns True if both expressions are True.
  • or (logical or): Returns True if at least one expression is True.
  • not (logical not): Inverts the result of the expression. True becomes False, and False becomes True.

Here are some examples of using logical operators:

x = 5
y = 3
z = 7

print(x < y and x < z)   # False
print(x < y or x < z)    # True
print(not x < y)         # True

Logical operators are often used in control structures such as conditional statements and loops. For example, here is how to use the and operator in an if statement:

x = 5
y = 3
z = 7

if x < y and x < z:
    print("x is the smallest")
elif y < z:
    print("y is the smallest")
else:
    print("z is the smallest")

In this code, the and operator is used to determine if x is the smallest, or if either y or z is the smallest.

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values on the right side to variables on the left side; Python has several assignment operators

  • =: assigns a value.
  • +=: assigns the value of the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side by adding it to the variable on the right-hand side.
  • -=: subtracts the value of the right-hand side from the left-hand side variable and assigns it to it.
  • *=: Assigns the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side by multiplying it.
  • /=: Substitutes the value on the right-hand side by dividing it by the variable on the left-hand side.
  • //=: Substitutes the value on the right-hand side for the value on the left-hand side divided by an integer.
  • %=: Substitutes the value on the right-hand side for the value on the left-hand side using the remainder operation.
  • **=: Assigns the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side by exponentiation.

The following are examples of assignment operator usage.

x = 5
x += 2  
print(x)

y = 10
y //= 3 
print(y)

Assignment operators can improve code brevity and reduce the number of types. Some assignment operators can also optimize the computation process and improve performance.

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